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Searches for CEνNS and Physics beyond the Standard Model using Skipper-CCDs at CONNIE
Authors:
Alexis A. Aguilar-Arevalo,
Nicolas Avalos,
Xavier Bertou,
Carla Bonifazi,
Gustavo Cancelo,
Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara,
Claudio Chavez,
Fernando Chierchie,
Gustavo Coelho Corrêa,
Juan Carlos D'Olivo,
João dos Anjos,
Juan Estrada,
Guillermo Fernandez Moroni,
Aldo R. Fernandes Neto,
Richard Ford,
Ben Kilminster,
Kevin Kuk,
Andrew Lathrop,
Patrick Lemos,
Herman P. Lima Jr.,
Martin Makler,
Katherine Maslova,
Franciole Marinho,
Jorge Molina,
Irina Nasteva
, et al. (9 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) aims to detect the coherent scattering (CE$ν$NS) of reactor antineutrinos off silicon nuclei using thick fully-depleted high-resistivity silicon CCDs. Two Skipper-CCD sensors with sub-electron readout noise capability were installed at the experiment next to the Angra-2 reactor in 2021, making CONNIE the first experiment to employ Skipp…
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The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) aims to detect the coherent scattering (CE$ν$NS) of reactor antineutrinos off silicon nuclei using thick fully-depleted high-resistivity silicon CCDs. Two Skipper-CCD sensors with sub-electron readout noise capability were installed at the experiment next to the Angra-2 reactor in 2021, making CONNIE the first experiment to employ Skipper-CCDs for reactor neutrino detection. We report on the performance of the Skipper-CCDs, the new data processing and data quality selection techniques and the event selection for CE$ν$NS interactions, which enable CONNIE to reach a record low detection threshold of 15 eV. The data were collected over 300 days in 2021-2022 and correspond to exposures of 14.9 g-days with the reactor-on and 3.5 g-days with the reactor-off. The difference between the reactor-on and off event rates shows no excess and yields upper limits at 95% confidence level for the neutrino interaction rates comparable with previous CONNIE limits from standard CCDs and higher exposures. Searches for new neutrino interactions beyond the Standard Model were performed, yielding an improvement on the previous CONNIE limit on a simplified model with light vector mediators. A first dark matter (DM) search by diurnal modulation was performed by CONNIE and the results represent the best limits on the DM-electron scattering cross-section, obtained by a surface-level experiment. These promising results, obtained using a very small-mass sensor, illustrate the potential of Skipper-CCDs to probe rare neutrino interactions and motivate the plans to increase the detector mass in the near future.
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Submitted 23 March, 2024;
originally announced March 2024.
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Impact of Label Types on Training SWIN Models with Overhead Imagery
Authors:
Ryan Ford,
Kenneth Hutchison,
Nicholas Felts,
Benjamin Cheng,
Jesse Lew,
Kyle Jackson
Abstract:
Understanding the impact of data set design on model training and performance can help alleviate the costs associated with generating remote sensing and overhead labeled data. This work examined the impact of training shifted window transformers using bounding boxes and segmentation labels, where the latter are more expensive to produce. We examined classification tasks by comparing models trained…
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Understanding the impact of data set design on model training and performance can help alleviate the costs associated with generating remote sensing and overhead labeled data. This work examined the impact of training shifted window transformers using bounding boxes and segmentation labels, where the latter are more expensive to produce. We examined classification tasks by comparing models trained with both target and backgrounds against models trained with only target pixels, extracted by segmentation labels. For object detection models, we compared performance using either label type when training. We found that the models trained on only target pixels do not show performance improvement for classification tasks, appearing to conflate background pixels in the evaluation set with target pixels. For object detection, we found that models trained with either label type showed equivalent performance across testing. We found that bounding boxes appeared to be sufficient for tasks that did not require more complex labels, such as object segmentation. Continuing work to determine consistency of this result across data types and model architectures could potentially result in substantial savings in generating remote sensing data sets for deep learning.
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Submitted 11 October, 2023;
originally announced October 2023.
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Event-by-Event Direction Reconstruction of Solar Neutrinos in a High Light-Yield Liquid Scintillator
Authors:
A. Allega,
M. R. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
J. Antunes,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
A. Bacon,
J. Baker,
N. Barros,
F. Barão,
R. Bayes,
E. W. Beier,
T. S. Bezerra,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
E. Caden,
E. J. Callaghan,
M. Chen,
S. Cheng,
B. Cleveland,
D. Cookman,
J. Corning,
M. A. Cox,
R. Dehghani
, et al. (94 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The direction of individual $^8$B solar neutrinos has been reconstructed using the SNO+ liquid scintillator detector. Prompt, directional Cherenkov light was separated from the slower, isotropic scintillation light using time information, and a maximum likelihood method was used to reconstruct the direction of individual scattered electrons. A clear directional signal was observed, correlated with…
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The direction of individual $^8$B solar neutrinos has been reconstructed using the SNO+ liquid scintillator detector. Prompt, directional Cherenkov light was separated from the slower, isotropic scintillation light using time information, and a maximum likelihood method was used to reconstruct the direction of individual scattered electrons. A clear directional signal was observed, correlated with the solar angle. The observation was aided by a period of low primary fluor concentration that resulted in a slower scintillator decay time. This is the first time that event-by-event direction reconstruction in high light-yield liquid scintillator has been demonstrated in a large-scale detector.
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Submitted 10 April, 2024; v1 submitted 12 September, 2023;
originally announced September 2023.
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JUNO sensitivity to the annihilation of MeV dark matter in the galactic halo
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Abid Aleem,
Tsagkarakis Alexandros,
Fengpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Weidong Bai,
Nikita Balashov,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Davide Basilico,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato
, et al. (581 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We discuss JUNO sensitivity to the annihilation of MeV dark matter in the galactic halo via detecting inverse beta decay reactions of electron anti-neutrinos resulting from the annihilation. We study possible backgrounds to the signature, including the reactor neutrinos, diffuse supernova neutrino background, charged- and neutral-current interactions of atmospheric neutrinos, backgrounds from muon…
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We discuss JUNO sensitivity to the annihilation of MeV dark matter in the galactic halo via detecting inverse beta decay reactions of electron anti-neutrinos resulting from the annihilation. We study possible backgrounds to the signature, including the reactor neutrinos, diffuse supernova neutrino background, charged- and neutral-current interactions of atmospheric neutrinos, backgrounds from muon-induced fast neutrons and cosmogenic isotopes. A fiducial volume cut, as well as the pulse shape discrimination and the muon veto are applied to suppress the above backgrounds. It is shown that JUNO sensitivity to the thermally averaged dark matter annihilation rate in 10 years of exposure would be significantly better than the present-day best limit set by Super-Kamiokande and would be comparable to that expected by Hyper-Kamiokande.
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Submitted 13 September, 2023; v1 submitted 15 June, 2023;
originally announced June 2023.
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Precision Measurement of the Specific Activity of $^{39}$Ar in Atmospheric Argon with the DEAP-3600 Detector
Authors:
P. Adhikari,
R. Ajaj,
M. Alpízar-Venegas,
P. -A. Amaudruz,
J. Anstey,
G. R. Araujo,
D. J. Auty,
M. Baldwin,
M. Batygov,
B. Beltran,
H. Benmansour,
C. E. Bina,
J. Bonatt,
W. Bonivento,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Broerman,
J. F. Bueno,
P. M. Burghardt,
A. Butcher,
M. Cadeddu,
B. Cai,
M. Cárdenas-Montes,
S. Cavuoti,
M. Chen,
Y. Chen
, et al. (125 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The specific activity of the beta decay of $^{39}$Ar in atmospheric argon is measured using the DEAP-3600 detector. DEAP-3600, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, uses a total of (3269 $\pm$ 24) kg of liquid argon distilled from the atmosphere to search for dark matter. This detector with very low background uses pulseshape discrimination to differentiate between nuclear recoils and electron recoi…
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The specific activity of the beta decay of $^{39}$Ar in atmospheric argon is measured using the DEAP-3600 detector. DEAP-3600, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, uses a total of (3269 $\pm$ 24) kg of liquid argon distilled from the atmosphere to search for dark matter. This detector with very low background uses pulseshape discrimination to differentiate between nuclear recoils and electron recoils and is well-suited to measure the decay of $^{39}$Ar. With 167 live-days of data, the measured specific activity at the time of atmospheric extraction is [0.964 $\pm$ 0.001 (stat) $\pm$ 0.024 (sys)] Bq/kg$_{\rm atmAr}$ which is consistent with results from other experiments. A cross-check analysis using different event selection criteria provides a consistent result.
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Submitted 10 October, 2023; v1 submitted 27 February, 2023;
originally announced February 2023.
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Combined Location Online Weather Data: Easy-to-use Targeted Weather Analysis for Agriculture
Authors:
Darren Yates,
Christopher Blanchard,
Allister Clarke,
Sabih-Ur Rehman,
Md Zahidul Islam,
Russell Ford,
Rob Walsh
Abstract:
The continuing effects of climate change require farmers and growers to have greater understanding of how these changes affect crop production. However, while climatic data is generally available to help provide much of that understanding, it can often be in a form not easy to digest. The proposed Combined Location Online Weather Data (CLOWD) framework is an easy-to-use online platform for analysi…
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The continuing effects of climate change require farmers and growers to have greater understanding of how these changes affect crop production. However, while climatic data is generally available to help provide much of that understanding, it can often be in a form not easy to digest. The proposed Combined Location Online Weather Data (CLOWD) framework is an easy-to-use online platform for analysing recent and historical weather data of any location within Australia at the click of a map. CLOWD requires no programming skills and operates in any HTML5 web browser on PC and mobile devices. It enables comparison between current and previous growing seasons over a range of environmental parameters, and can create a plain-English PDF report for offline use, using natural language generation (NLG). This paper details the platform, the design decisions taken and outlines how farmers and growers can use CLOWD to better understand current growing conditions. Prototypes of CLOWD are now online for PCs and smartphones.
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Submitted 13 February, 2023;
originally announced February 2023.
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JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay $p\to \barνK^+$ Searches
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Fengpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Nikita Balashov,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Davide Basilico,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Thilo Birkenfeld,
Sylvie Blin
, et al. (586 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \barνK^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreov…
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The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \barνK^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \barνK^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel.
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Submitted 26 October, 2023; v1 submitted 16 December, 2022;
originally announced December 2022.
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Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors using Pure Water at SNO+
Authors:
SNO+ Collaboration,
:,
A. Allega,
M. R. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
J. Antunes,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
A. Bacon,
N. Barros,
F. Barao,
R. Bayes,
E. W. Beier,
T. S. Bezerra,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
E. Caden,
E. J. Callaghan,
S. Cheng,
M. Chen,
B. Cleveland,
D. Cookman,
J. Corning,
M. A. Cox
, et al. (92 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240~km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data…
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The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240~km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5$σ$.
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Submitted 28 March, 2023; v1 submitted 25 October, 2022;
originally announced October 2022.
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Model Independent Approach of the JUNO $^8$B Solar Neutrino Program
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Jie Zhao,
Baobiao Yue,
Haoqi Lu,
Yufeng Li,
Jiajie Ling,
Zeyuan Yu,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Abid Aleem,
Tsagkarakis Alexandros,
Fengpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Weidong Bai
, et al. (579 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The physics potential of detecting $^8$B solar neutrinos will be exploited at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), in a model independent manner by using three distinct channels of the charged-current (CC), neutral-current (NC) and elastic scattering (ES) interactions. Due to the largest-ever mass of $^{13}$C nuclei in the liquid-scintillator detectors and the {expected} low backg…
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The physics potential of detecting $^8$B solar neutrinos will be exploited at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), in a model independent manner by using three distinct channels of the charged-current (CC), neutral-current (NC) and elastic scattering (ES) interactions. Due to the largest-ever mass of $^{13}$C nuclei in the liquid-scintillator detectors and the {expected} low background level, $^8$B solar neutrinos would be observable in the CC and NC interactions on $^{13}$C for the first time. By virtue of optimized event selections and muon veto strategies, backgrounds from the accidental coincidence, muon-induced isotopes, and external backgrounds can be greatly suppressed. Excellent signal-to-background ratios can be achieved in the CC, NC and ES channels to guarantee the $^8$B solar neutrino observation. From the sensitivity studies performed in this work, we show that JUNO, with ten years of data, can reach the {1$σ$} precision levels of 5%, 8% and 20% for the $^8$B neutrino flux, $\sin^2θ_{12}$, and $Δm^2_{21}$, respectively. It would be unique and helpful to probe the details of both solar physics and neutrino physics. In addition, when combined with SNO, the world-best precision of 3% is expected for the $^8$B neutrino flux measurement.
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Submitted 6 March, 2024; v1 submitted 15 October, 2022;
originally announced October 2022.
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Prospects for Detecting the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Fengpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Nikita Balashov,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Davide Basilico,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Thilo Birkenfeld,
Sylvie Blin
, et al. (577 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present the detection potential for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), using the inverse-beta-decay (IBD) detection channel on free protons. We employ the latest information on the DSNB flux predictions, and investigate in detail the background and its reduction for the DSNB search at JUNO. The atmospheric neutrino induced n…
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We present the detection potential for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), using the inverse-beta-decay (IBD) detection channel on free protons. We employ the latest information on the DSNB flux predictions, and investigate in detail the background and its reduction for the DSNB search at JUNO. The atmospheric neutrino induced neutral current (NC) background turns out to be the most critical background, whose uncertainty is carefully evaluated from both the spread of model predictions and an envisaged \textit{in situ} measurement. We also make a careful study on the background suppression with the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) and triple coincidence (TC) cuts. With latest DSNB signal predictions, more realistic background evaluation and PSD efficiency optimization, and additional TC cut, JUNO can reach the significance of 3$σ$ for 3 years of data taking, and achieve better than 5$σ$ after 10 years for a reference DSNB model. In the pessimistic scenario of non-observation, JUNO would strongly improve the limits and exclude a significant region of the model parameter space.
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Submitted 13 October, 2022; v1 submitted 18 May, 2022;
originally announced May 2022.
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Mass Testing and Characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO
Authors:
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Abid Aleem,
Tsagkarakis Alexandros,
Fengpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
Joao Pedro Athayde Marcondes de Andre,
Didier Auguste,
Weidong Bai,
Nikita Balashov,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Davide Basilico,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli
, et al. (541 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program whic…
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Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5,000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK).
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Submitted 17 September, 2022; v1 submitted 17 May, 2022;
originally announced May 2022.
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Improved search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector
Authors:
SNO+ Collaboration,
:,
A. Allega,
M. R. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
A. Bacon,
N. Barros,
F. Barão,
R. Bayes,
E. W. Beier,
T. S. Bezerra,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
E. Caden,
E. J. Callaghan,
S. Cheng,
M. Chen,
O. Chkvorets,
B. Cleveland,
D. Cookman,
J. Corning,
M. A. Cox
, et al. (94 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This paper reports results from a search for single and multi-nucleon disappearance from the $^{16}$O nucleus in water within the \snoplus{} detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible" decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear de-excitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partia…
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This paper reports results from a search for single and multi-nucleon disappearance from the $^{16}$O nucleus in water within the \snoplus{} detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible" decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear de-excitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partial lifetimes: $τ(n\rightarrow inv) > 9.0\times10^{29}$ years, $τ(p\rightarrow inv) > 9.6\times10^{29}$ years, $τ(nn\rightarrow inv) > 1.5\times10^{28}$ years, $τ(np\rightarrow inv) > 6.0\times10^{28}$ years, and $τ(pp\rightarrow inv) > 1.1\times10^{29}$ years at 90\% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate). All but the ($nn\rightarrow inv$) results improve on existing limits by a factor of about 3.
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Submitted 28 June, 2022; v1 submitted 12 May, 2022;
originally announced May 2022.
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Sub-percent Precision Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters with JUNO
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Abid Aleem,
Tsagkarakis Alexandros,
Fengpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Weidong Bai,
Nikita Balashov,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Davide Basilico,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato
, et al. (581 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China. This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the $Δm^2_{31}$, $Δm^2_{21}$, $\sin^2 θ_{12}$, and $\sin^2 θ_{13}$ oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos, which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment. The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge av…
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JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China. This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the $Δm^2_{31}$, $Δm^2_{21}$, $\sin^2 θ_{12}$, and $\sin^2 θ_{13}$ oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos, which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment. The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site, the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond, the detector response uncertainties, and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector. It is found that the $Δm^2_{31}$, $Δm^2_{21}$, and $\sin^2 θ_{12}$ oscillation parameters will be determined to better than 0.5% precision in six years of data collection, which represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints.
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Submitted 27 April, 2022;
originally announced April 2022.
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MiniBooNE and MicroBooNE Combined Fit to a 3+1 Sterile Neutrino Scenario
Authors:
A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo,
B. C. Brown,
J. M. Conrad,
R. Dharmapalan,
A. Diaz,
Z. Djurcic,
D. A. Finley,
R. Ford,
G. T. Garvey,
S. Gollapinni,
A. Hourlier,
E. -C. Huang,
N. W. Kamp,
G. Karagiorgi,
T. Katori,
T. Kobilarcik,
K. Lin,
W. C. Louis,
C. Mariani,
W. Marsh,
G. B. Mills,
J. Mirabal-Martinez,
C. D. Moore,
R. H. Nelson,
J. Nowak
, et al. (14 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This letter presents the results from the MiniBooNE experiment within a full "3+1" scenario where one sterile neutrino is introduced to the three-active-neutrino picture. In addition to electron-neutrino appearance at short-baselines, this scenario also allows for disappearance of the muon-neutrino and electron-neutrino fluxes in the Booster Neutrino Beam, which is shared by the MicroBooNE experim…
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This letter presents the results from the MiniBooNE experiment within a full "3+1" scenario where one sterile neutrino is introduced to the three-active-neutrino picture. In addition to electron-neutrino appearance at short-baselines, this scenario also allows for disappearance of the muon-neutrino and electron-neutrino fluxes in the Booster Neutrino Beam, which is shared by the MicroBooNE experiment. We present the 3+1 fit to the MiniBooNE electron-(anti)neutrino and muon-(anti)neutrino data alone, and in combination with MicroBooNE electron-neutrino data. The best-fit parameters of the combined fit with the exclusive CCQE analysis (inclusive analysis) are $Δm^2 = 0.29 eV^2 (0.33 eV^2)$, $|U_{e4}|^2 = 0.016 (0.500)$, $|U_{μ4}|^2 = 0.500 (0.500)$, and $\sin^2(2θ_{μe})=0.0316 (1.0)$. Comparing the no-oscillation scenario to the 3+1 model, the data prefer the 3+1 model with a $Δχ^2/\text{dof} = 24.7 / 3 (17.3 / 3)$, a $4.3σ(3.4σ)$ preference assuming the asymptotic approximation given by Wilks' theorem.
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Submitted 9 September, 2022; v1 submitted 5 January, 2022;
originally announced January 2022.
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Damping signatures at JUNO, a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment
Authors:
JUNO collaboration,
Jun Wang,
Jiajun Liao,
Wei Wang,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Fengpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Andrej Babic,
Nikita Balashov,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Davide Basilico,
Eric Baussan
, et al. (582 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We study damping signatures at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment. These damping signatures are motivated by various new physics models, including quantum decoherence, $ν_3$ decay, neutrino absorption, and wave packet decoherence. The phenomenological effects of these models can be characterized by exponential damping fac…
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We study damping signatures at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment. These damping signatures are motivated by various new physics models, including quantum decoherence, $ν_3$ decay, neutrino absorption, and wave packet decoherence. The phenomenological effects of these models can be characterized by exponential damping factors at the probability level. We assess how well JUNO can constrain these damping parameters and how to disentangle these different damping signatures at JUNO. Compared to current experimental limits, JUNO can significantly improve the limits on $τ_3/m_3$ in the $ν_3$ decay model, the width of the neutrino wave packet $σ_x$, and the intrinsic relative dispersion of neutrino momentum $σ_{\rm rel}$.
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Submitted 14 June, 2022; v1 submitted 29 December, 2021;
originally announced December 2021.
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MiniBooNE Data Releases
Authors:
A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo,
B. C. Brown,
J. M. Conrad,
R. Dharmapalan,
A. Diaz,
Z. Djurcic,
D. A. Finley,
R. Ford,
G. T. Garvey,
S. Gollapinni,
A. Hourlier,
E. -C. Huang,
N. W. Kamp,
G. Karagiorgi,
T. Katori,
T. Kobilarcik,
K. Lin,
W. C. Louis,
C. Mariani,
W. Marsh,
G. B. Mills,
J. Mirabal-Martinez,
C. D. Moore,
R. H. Nelson,
J. Nowak
, et al. (16 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The MiniBooNE experiment has provided data releases for most publications. Occasionally it is necessary to move data release pages. This document provides a single point of reference that will be updated by the collaboration to point to the present location of the MiniBooNE data releases.
The MiniBooNE experiment has provided data releases for most publications. Occasionally it is necessary to move data release pages. This document provides a single point of reference that will be updated by the collaboration to point to the present location of the MiniBooNE data releases.
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Submitted 25 October, 2021;
originally announced October 2021.
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Search for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering at a nuclear reactor with CONNIE 2019 data
Authors:
CONNIE collaboration,
Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo,
Javier Bernal,
Xavier Bertou,
Carla Bonifazi,
Gustavo Cancelo,
Victor G. P. B. de Carvalho,
Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara,
Claudio Chavez,
Gustavo Coelho Corrêa,
Juan C. D'Olivo,
João C. dos Anjos,
Juan Estrada,
Aldo R. Fernandes Neto,
Guillermo Fernandez Moroni,
Ana Foguel,
Richard Ford,
Julián Gasanego Barbuscio,
Juan Gonzalez Cuevas,
Susana Hernandez,
Federico Izraelevitch,
Ben Kilminster,
Kevin Kuk,
Herman P. Lima Jr,
Martin Makler
, et al. (11 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) is taking data at the Angra 2 nuclear reactor with the aim of detecting the coherent elastic scattering of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei using charge-coupled devices (CCDs). In 2019 the experiment operated with a hardware binning applied to the readout stage, leading to lower levels of readout noise and improving the detecti…
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The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) is taking data at the Angra 2 nuclear reactor with the aim of detecting the coherent elastic scattering of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei using charge-coupled devices (CCDs). In 2019 the experiment operated with a hardware binning applied to the readout stage, leading to lower levels of readout noise and improving the detection threshold down to 50 eV. The results of the analysis of 2019 data are reported here, corresponding to the detector array of 8 CCDs with a fiducial mass of 36.2 g and a total exposure of 2.2 kg-days. The difference between the reactor-on and reactor-off spectra shows no excess at low energies and yields upper limits at 95% confidence level for the neutrino interaction rates. In the lowest-energy range, 50-180 eV, the expected limit stands at 34 (39) times the standard model prediction, while the observed limit is 66 (75) times the standard model prediction with Sarkis (Chavarria) quenching factors.
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Submitted 6 April, 2022; v1 submitted 25 October, 2021;
originally announced October 2021.
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Radioactivity control strategy for the JUNO detector
Authors:
JUNO collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Fengpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Andrej Babic,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Davide Basilico,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Thilo Birkenfeld,
Sylvie Blin
, et al. (578 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day, therefore a careful control of the background sources due to radioactivity is critical. In particula…
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JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day, therefore a careful control of the background sources due to radioactivity is critical. In particular, natural radioactivity present in all materials and in the environment represents a serious issue that could impair the sensitivity of the experiment if appropriate countermeasures were not foreseen. In this paper we discuss the background reduction strategies undertaken by the JUNO collaboration to reduce at minimum the impact of natural radioactivity. We describe our efforts for an optimized experimental design, a careful material screening and accurate detector production handling, and a constant control of the expected results through a meticulous Monte Carlo simulation program. We show that all these actions should allow us to keep the background count rate safely below the target value of 10 Hz in the default fiducial volume, above an energy threshold of 0.7 MeV.
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Submitted 13 October, 2021; v1 submitted 8 July, 2021;
originally announced July 2021.
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Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources
Authors:
SNO+ Collaboration,
:,
M. R. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
F. Barão,
N. Barros,
R. Bayes,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
M. Boulay,
E. Caden,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
M. Chen,
O. Chkvorets,
B. Cleveland,
D. Cookman,
J. Corning,
M. A. Cox,
C. Deluce,
M. M. Depatie
, et al. (98 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light…
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SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light diffusing sphere, with the goal of improving the detector model and the energy response systematic uncertainties. The measured parameters included the water attenuation coefficients, effective attenuation coefficients for the acrylic vessel, and the angular response of the photomultiplier tubes and their surrounding light concentrators, all across different wavelengths. The calibrated detector model was validated using a deployed tagged gamma source, which showed a 0.6% variation in energy scale across the primary target volume.
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Submitted 4 October, 2021; v1 submitted 7 June, 2021;
originally announced June 2021.
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The SNO+ Experiment
Authors:
SNO+ Collaboration,
:,
V. Albanese,
R. Alves,
M. R. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
L. Anselmo,
E. Arushanova,
S. Asahi,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
A. R. Back,
S. Back,
F. Barão,
Z. Barnard,
A. Barr,
N. Barros,
D. Bartlett,
R. Bayes,
C. Beaudoin,
E. W. Beier,
G. Berardi,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher
, et al. (229 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of pr…
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The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0νββ$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0νββ$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region.
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Submitted 25 August, 2021; v1 submitted 23 April, 2021;
originally announced April 2021.
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JUNO Physics and Detector
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Fengpeng An,
Guangpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Andrej Babic,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Enrico Bernieri,
Thilo Birkenfeld
, et al. (591 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton LS detector at 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino and astro-particle physics. With 6 years of data, the neutrino mass ordering can be determined at 3-4 sigma and three oscillation parameters can be measured to a p…
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The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton LS detector at 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino and astro-particle physics. With 6 years of data, the neutrino mass ordering can be determined at 3-4 sigma and three oscillation parameters can be measured to a precision of 0.6% or better by detecting reactor antineutrinos. With 10 years of data, DSNB could be observed at 3-sigma; a lower limit of the proton lifetime of 8.34e33 years (90% C.L.) can be set by searching for p->nu_bar K^+; detection of solar neutrinos would shed new light on the solar metallicity problem and examine the vacuum-matter transition region. A core-collapse supernova at 10 kpc would lead to ~5000 IBD and ~2000 (300) all-flavor neutrino-proton (electron) scattering events. Geo-neutrinos can be detected with a rate of ~400 events/year. We also summarize the final design of the JUNO detector and the key R&D achievements. All 20-inch PMTs have been tested. The average photon detection efficiency is 28.9% for the 15,000 MCP PMTs and 28.1% for the 5,000 dynode PMTs, higher than the JUNO requirement of 27%. Together with the >20 m attenuation length of LS, we expect a yield of 1345 p.e. per MeV and an effective energy resolution of 3.02%/\sqrt{E (MeV)}$ in simulations. The underwater electronics is designed to have a loss rate <0.5% in 6 years. With degassing membranes and a micro-bubble system, the radon concentration in the 35-kton water pool could be lowered to <10 mBq/m^3. Acrylic panels of radiopurity <0.5 ppt U/Th are produced. The 20-kton LS will be purified onsite. Singles in the fiducial volume can be controlled to ~10 Hz. The JUNO experiment also features a double calorimeter system with 25,600 3-inch PMTs, a LS testing facility OSIRIS, and a near detector TAO.
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Submitted 12 May, 2021; v1 submitted 6 April, 2021;
originally announced April 2021.
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The Design and Sensitivity of JUNO's scintillator radiopurity pre-detector OSIRIS
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Fengpeng An,
Guangpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Andrej Babic,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Davide Basilico,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Thilo Birkenfeld
, et al. (582 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator fillling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The aspired sensitivity level of $10^{-16}$ g/g of…
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The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator fillling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The aspired sensitivity level of $10^{-16}$ g/g of $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th requires a large ($\sim$20 m$^3$) detection volume and ultralow background levels. The present paper reports on the design and major components of the OSIRIS detector, the detector simulation as well as the measuring strategies foreseen and the sensitivity levels to U/Th that can be reached in this setup.
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Submitted 31 March, 2021;
originally announced March 2021.
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Pulseshape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data
Authors:
The DEAP Collaboration,
P. Adhikari,
R. Ajaj,
M. Alpízar-Venegas,
P. -A. Amaudruz,
D. J. Auty,
M. Batygov,
B. Beltran,
H. Benmansour,
C. E. Bina,
J. Bonatt,
W. Bonivento,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Broerman,
J. F. Bueno,
P. M. Burghardt,
A. Butcher,
M. Cadeddu,
B. Cai,
M. Cárdenas-Montes,
S. Cavuoti,
M. Chen,
Y. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
J. M. Corning
, et al. (104 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $^{39}$Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulseshape discrimination (PSD).
We use two types of PSD algorithm: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window ar…
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The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $^{39}$Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulseshape discrimination (PSD).
We use two types of PSD algorithm: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the charge of a single photoelectron, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulseshape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors.
The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected.
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Submitted 6 April, 2021; v1 submitted 22 March, 2021;
originally announced March 2021.
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JUNO sensitivity to low energy atmospheric neutrino spectra
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Fengpeng An,
Guangpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Andrej Babic,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Enrico Bernieri,
Thilo Birkenfeld
, et al. (588 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about cosmic rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector with excellent energy resolution is currently under construction in China. JUNO will be able to detect several atmospheric neutrinos…
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Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about cosmic rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector with excellent energy resolution is currently under construction in China. JUNO will be able to detect several atmospheric neutrinos per day given the large volume. A study on the JUNO detection and reconstruction capabilities of atmospheric $ν_e$ and $ν_μ$ fluxes is presented in this paper. In this study, a sample of atmospheric neutrino Monte Carlo events has been generated, starting from theoretical models, and then processed by the detector simulation. The excellent timing resolution of the 3'' PMT light detection system of JUNO detector and the much higher light yield for scintillation over Cherenkov allow to measure the time structure of the scintillation light with very high precision. Since $ν_e$ and $ν_μ$ interactions produce a slightly different light pattern, the different time evolution of light allows to discriminate the flavor of primary neutrinos. A probabilistic unfolding method has been used, in order to infer the primary neutrino energy spectrum from the detector experimental observables. The simulated spectrum has been reconstructed between 100 MeV and 10 GeV, showing a great potential of the detector in the atmospheric low energy region.
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Submitted 12 October, 2021; v1 submitted 17 March, 2021;
originally announced March 2021.
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Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator
Authors:
SNO+ Collaboration,
:,
M. R. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
L. Anselmo,
E. Arushanova,
S. Asahi,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
A. R. Back,
Z. Barnard,
N. Barros,
D. Bartlett,
F. Barão,
R. Bayes,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
R. Bonventre,
M. Boulay,
D. Braid,
E. Caden,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca
, et al. (201 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity,…
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A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+.
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Submitted 21 February, 2021; v1 submitted 25 November, 2020;
originally announced November 2020.
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Calibration Strategy of the JUNO Experiment
Authors:
JUNO collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Fengpeng An,
Guangpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Andrej Babic,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Enrico Bernieri,
Thilo Birkenfeld
, et al. (571 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems, we demonstrate that the JUNO central detector ca…
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We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems, we demonstrate that the JUNO central detector can achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, required by the neutrino mass ordering determination.
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Submitted 20 January, 2021; v1 submitted 12 November, 2020;
originally announced November 2020.
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Search for $hep$ solar neutrinos and the diffuse supernova neutrino background using all three phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
Authors:
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
A. E. Anthony,
N. Barros,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
R. Bonventre,
K. Boudjemline,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Cai,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
Y. D. Chan,
D. Chauhan,
M. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
G. A. Cox,
X. Dai,
H. Deng,
F. B. Descamps,
J. A. Detwiler
, et al. (107 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A search has been performed for neutrinos from two sources, the $hep$ reaction in the solar $pp$ fusion chain and the $ν_e$ component of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), using the full dataset of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with a total exposure of 2.47 kton-years after fiducialization. The $hep$ search is performed using both a single-bin counting analysis and a likelihood f…
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A search has been performed for neutrinos from two sources, the $hep$ reaction in the solar $pp$ fusion chain and the $ν_e$ component of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), using the full dataset of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with a total exposure of 2.47 kton-years after fiducialization. The $hep$ search is performed using both a single-bin counting analysis and a likelihood fit. We find a best-fit flux that is compatible with solar model predictions while remaining consistent with zero flux, and set a one-sided upper limit of $Φ_{hep} < 30\times10^{3}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ [90% credible interval (CI)]. No events are observed in the DSNB search region, and we set an improved upper bound on the $ν_e$ component of the DSNB flux of $Φ^\mathrm{DSNB}_{ν_e} < 19~\textrm{cm}^{-2}~\textrm{s}^{-1}$ (90% CI) in the energy range $22.9 < E_ν< 36.9$~MeV.
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Submitted 12 November, 2020; v1 submitted 15 July, 2020;
originally announced July 2020.
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Optimization of the JUNO liquid scintillator composition using a Daya Bay antineutrino detector
Authors:
Daya Bay,
JUNO collaborations,
:,
A. Abusleme,
T. Adam,
S. Ahmad,
S. Aiello,
M. Akram,
N. Ali,
F. P. An,
G. P. An,
Q. An,
G. Andronico,
N. Anfimov,
V. Antonelli,
T. Antoshkina,
B. Asavapibhop,
J. P. A. M. de André,
A. Babic,
A. B. Balantekin,
W. Baldini,
M. Baldoncini,
H. R. Band,
A. Barresi,
E. Baussan
, et al. (642 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were…
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To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB.
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Submitted 1 July, 2020;
originally announced July 2020.
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Updated MiniBooNE Neutrino Oscillation Results with Increased Data and New Background Studies
Authors:
MiniBooNE Collaboration,
A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo,
B. C. Brown,
J. M. Conrad,
R. Dharmapalan,
A. Diaz,
Z. Djurcic,
D. A. Finley,
R. Ford,
G. T. Garvey,
S. Gollapinni,
A. Hourlier,
E. C. Huang,
N. W. Kamp,
G. Karagiorgi,
T. Katori,
T. Kobilarcik,
K. Lin,
W. C. Louis,
C. Mariani,
W. Marsh,
G. B. Mills,
J. Mirabal-Martinez,
C. D. Moore,
R. H. Nelson
, et al. (17 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports a total excess of $638.0 \pm 132.8$ electron-like events ($4.8 σ$) from a data sample corresponding to $18.75 \times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target in neutrino mode, which is a 46\% increase in the data sample with respect to previously published results, and $11.27 \times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target in antineutrino mode. The additional statistics allow seve…
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The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports a total excess of $638.0 \pm 132.8$ electron-like events ($4.8 σ$) from a data sample corresponding to $18.75 \times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target in neutrino mode, which is a 46\% increase in the data sample with respect to previously published results, and $11.27 \times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target in antineutrino mode. The additional statistics allow several studies to address questions on the source of the excess. First, we provide two-dimensional plots in visible energy and cosine of the angle of the outgoing lepton, which can provide valuable input to models for the event excess. Second, we test whether the excess may arise from photons that enter the detector from external events or photons exiting the detector from $π^0$ decays in two model independent ways. Beam timing information shows that almost all of the excess is in time with neutrinos that interact in the detector. The radius distribution shows that the excess is distributed throughout the volume, while tighter cuts on the fiducal volume increase the significance of the excess. We conclude that models of the event excess based on entering and exiting photons are disfavored.
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Submitted 8 March, 2021; v1 submitted 30 June, 2020;
originally announced June 2020.
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Feasibility and physics potential of detecting $^8$B solar neutrinos at JUNO
Authors:
JUNO collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Nawab Ali,
Fengpeng An,
Guangpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Andrej Babic,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Enrico Bernieri,
David Biare
, et al. (572 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory~(JUNO) features a 20~kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent experiment for $^8$B solar neutrino measurements, such as its low-energy threshold, its high energy resolution compared to water Cherenkov detectors, and its much large target mass compared to previous liquid s…
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The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory~(JUNO) features a 20~kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent experiment for $^8$B solar neutrino measurements, such as its low-energy threshold, its high energy resolution compared to water Cherenkov detectors, and its much large target mass compared to previous liquid scintillator detectors. In this paper we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting $^8$B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. A reduced 2~MeV threshold on the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable assuming the intrinsic radioactive background $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10$^{-17}$~g/g. With ten years of data taking, about 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected. This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter, which will shed new light on the tension between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework. If $Δm^{2}_{21}=4.8\times10^{-5}~(7.5\times10^{-5})$~eV$^{2}$, JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at the about 3$σ$~(2$σ$) level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle. Moveover, JUNO can simultaneously measure $Δm^2_{21}$ using $^8$B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20\% or better depending on the central value and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos. A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help elucidate the current tension between the value of $Δm^2_{21}$ reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.
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Submitted 21 June, 2020;
originally announced June 2020.
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TAO Conceptual Design Report: A Precision Measurement of the Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum with Sub-percent Energy Resolution
Authors:
JUNO Collaboration,
Angel Abusleme,
Thomas Adam,
Shakeel Ahmad,
Sebastiano Aiello,
Muhammad Akram,
Nawab Ali,
Fengpeng An,
Guangpeng An,
Qi An,
Giuseppe Andronico,
Nikolay Anfimov,
Vito Antonelli,
Tatiana Antoshkina,
Burin Asavapibhop,
João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,
Didier Auguste,
Andrej Babic,
Wander Baldini,
Andrea Barresi,
Eric Baussan,
Marco Bellato,
Antonio Bergnoli,
Enrico Bernieri,
David Biare
, et al. (568 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). A ton-level liquid scintillator detector will be placed at about 30 m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. The reactor antineutrino spectrum will be measured with sub-percent energy resolution, to provide a reference spectrum for future re…
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The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). A ton-level liquid scintillator detector will be placed at about 30 m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. The reactor antineutrino spectrum will be measured with sub-percent energy resolution, to provide a reference spectrum for future reactor neutrino experiments, and to provide a benchmark measurement to test nuclear databases. A spherical acrylic vessel containing 2.8 ton gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator will be viewed by 10 m^2 Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) of >50% photon detection efficiency with almost full coverage. The photoelectron yield is about 4500 per MeV, an order higher than any existing large-scale liquid scintillator detectors. The detector operates at -50 degree C to lower the dark noise of SiPMs to an acceptable level. The detector will measure about 2000 reactor antineutrinos per day, and is designed to be well shielded from cosmogenic backgrounds and ambient radioactivities to have about 10% background-to-signal ratio. The experiment is expected to start operation in 2022.
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Submitted 18 May, 2020;
originally announced May 2020.
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Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM): A Novel Mechanical Ventilator Designed for Mass Scale Production in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:
C. Galbiati,
A. Abba,
P. Agnes,
P. Amaudruz,
M. Arba,
F. Ardellier-Desages,
C. Badia,
G. Batignani,
G. Bellani,
G. Bianchi,
D. Bishop,
V. Bocci,
W. Bonivento,
B. Bottino,
M. Bouchard,
S. Brice,
G. Buccino,
S. Bussino,
A. Caminata,
A. Capra,
M. Caravati,
M. Carlini,
L. Carrozzi,
J. M. Cela,
B. Celano
, et al. (123 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Presented here is the design of the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel mechanical ventilator designed for rapid mass production in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to address the urgent shortage of intensive therapy ventilators in many countries, and the growing difficulty in procuring these devices through normal supply chains across borders. This ventilator is an electro-mechanical equ…
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Presented here is the design of the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel mechanical ventilator designed for rapid mass production in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to address the urgent shortage of intensive therapy ventilators in many countries, and the growing difficulty in procuring these devices through normal supply chains across borders. This ventilator is an electro-mechanical equivalent of the old and reliable Manley Ventilator, and is able to operate in both pressure-controlled and pressure-supported ventilation modes. MVM is optimized for the COVID-19 emergency, thanks to the collaboration with medical doctors in the front line. MVM is designed for large-scale production in a short amount of time and at a limited cost, as it relays on off-the-shelf components, readily available worldwide. Operation of the MVM requires only a source of compressed oxygen (or compressed medical air) and electrical power. Initial tests of a prototype device with a breathing simulator are also presented. Further tests and developments are underway. At this stage the MVM is not yet a certified medical device but certification is in progress.
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Submitted 10 April, 2020; v1 submitted 23 March, 2020;
originally announced March 2020.
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Embedded Readout Electronics R&D for the Large PMTs in the JUNO Experiment
Authors:
M. Bellato,
A. Bergnoli,
A. Brugnera,
S. Chen,
Z. Chen,
B. Clerbaux,
F. dal Corso,
D. Corti,
J. Dong,
G. Galet,
A. Garfagnini,
A. Giaz,
G. Gong,
C. Grewing,
J. Hu,
R. Isocrate,
X. Jiang,
F. Li,
I. Lippi,
F. Marini,
Z. Ning,
A. G. Olshevskiyi,
D. Pedretti,
P. A. Petitjean,
M. Robens
, et al. (69 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Jiangmen Underground neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next generation liquid scintillator neutrino experiment under construction phase in South China. Thanks to the anti-neutrinos produced by the nearby nuclear power plants, JUNO will primarily study the neutrino mass hierarchy, one of the open key questions in neutrino physics. One key ingredient for the success of the measurement is to use high…
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Jiangmen Underground neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next generation liquid scintillator neutrino experiment under construction phase in South China. Thanks to the anti-neutrinos produced by the nearby nuclear power plants, JUNO will primarily study the neutrino mass hierarchy, one of the open key questions in neutrino physics. One key ingredient for the success of the measurement is to use high speed, high resolution sampling electronics located very close to the detector signal. Linearity in the response of the electronics in another important ingredient for the success of the experiment. During the initial design phase of the electronics, a custom design, with the Front-End and Read-Out electronics located very close to the detector analog signal has been developed and successfully tested. The present paper describes the electronics structure and the first tests performed on the prototypes. The electronics prototypes have been tested and they show good linearity response, with a maximum deviation of 1.3% over the full dynamic range (1-1000 p.e.), fulfilling the JUNO experiment requirements.
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Submitted 17 May, 2020; v1 submitted 18 March, 2020;
originally announced March 2020.
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Measurement of neutron-proton capture in the SNO+ water phase
Authors:
The SNO+ Collaboration,
:,
M. R. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
N. Barros,
F. Barão,
R. Bayes,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
R. Bonventre,
M. Boulay,
E. Caden,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
D. Chauhan,
M. Chen,
O. Chkvorets,
B. Cleveland,
M. A. Cox,
M. M. Depatie,
J. Dittmer
, et al. (108 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The SNO+ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV $γ$ produced by neutron capture on hydrogen have been made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV $γ$. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV $γ$ and the 2.…
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The SNO+ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV $γ$ produced by neutron capture on hydrogen have been made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV $γ$. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV $γ$ and the 2.2-MeV capture $γ$ revealed a neutron detection efficiency that is centered around 50% and varies at the level of 1% across the inner region of the detector, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency achieved among pure water Cherenkov detectors. In addition, the neutron capture time constant was measured and converted to a thermal neutron-proton capture cross section of $336.3^{+1.2}_{-1.5}$ mb.
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Submitted 13 July, 2020; v1 submitted 24 February, 2020;
originally announced February 2020.
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The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600
Authors:
The DEAP collaboration,
P. Adhikari,
R. Ajaj,
G. R. Araujoand M. Batygov,
B. Beltran,
C. E. Bina,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Broerman,
J. F. Bueno,
A. Butcher,
B. Cai,
M. Cárdenas-Montes,
S. Cavuoti,
Y. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
J. M. Corning,
S. J. Daughertyand K. Dering,
L. Doria,
F. A. Duncan andM. Dunford,
A. Erlandson,
N. Fatemighomi,
G. Fiorillo,
A. Flower,
R. J. Ford,
R. Gagnon
, et al. (76 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed…
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DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD.
The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $\mathcal O$(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response.
TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10\% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.
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Submitted 8 June, 2020; v1 submitted 27 January, 2020;
originally announced January 2020.
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$^{222}$Rn contamination mechanisms on acrylic surfaces
Authors:
M. Nastasi,
A. Paonessa,
E. Previtali,
E. Quadrivi,
M. Sisti,
S. Aiello,
G. Andronico,
V. Antonelli,
W. Baldini,
M. Bellato,
A. Bergnoli,
A. Brigatti,
R. Brugnera,
A. Budano,
M. Buscemi,
A. Cammi,
R. Caruso,
D. Chiesa,
C. Clementi,
D. Corti,
S. Costa,
F. Dal Corso,
X. F. Ding,
S. Dusini,
A. Fabbri
, et al. (42 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
In this work, the $^{222}$Rn contamination mechanisms on acrylic surfaces have been investigated. $^{222}$Rn can represent a significant background source for low-background experiments, and acrylic is a suitable material for detector design thanks to its purity and transparency. Four acrylic samples have been exposed to a $^{222}$Rn rich environment for different time periods, being contaminated…
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In this work, the $^{222}$Rn contamination mechanisms on acrylic surfaces have been investigated. $^{222}$Rn can represent a significant background source for low-background experiments, and acrylic is a suitable material for detector design thanks to its purity and transparency. Four acrylic samples have been exposed to a $^{222}$Rn rich environment for different time periods, being contaminated by $^{222}$Rn and its progenies. Subsequently, the time evolution of radiocontaminants activity on the samples has been evaluated with $α$ and $γ$ measurements, highlighting the role of different decay modes in the contamination process. A detailed analysis of the alpha spectra allowed to quantify the implantation depth of the contaminants. Moreover, a study of both $α$ and $γ$ measurements pointed out the $^{222}$Rn diffusion inside the samples.
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Submitted 12 November, 2019;
originally announced November 2019.
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Search for light mediators in the low-energy data of the CONNIE reactor neutrino experiment
Authors:
Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo,
Xavier Bertou,
Carla Bonifazi,
Gustavo Cancelo,
Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara,
Claudio Chavez,
Juan C. D'Olivo,
João C. dos Anjos,
Juan Estrada,
Aldo R. Fernandes Neto,
Guillermo Fernandez-Moroni,
Ana Foguel,
Richard Ford,
Federico Izraelevitch,
Ben Kilminster,
H. P. Lima Jr,
Martin Makler,
Jorge Molina,
Philipe Mota,
Irina Nasteva,
Eduardo Paolini,
Carlos Romero,
Youssef Sarkis,
Miguel Sofo-Haro,
Javier Tiffenberg
, et al. (1 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The CONNIE experiment is located at a distance of 30 m from the core of a commercial nuclear reactor, and has collected a 3.7 kg-day exposure using a CCD detector array sensitive to an $\sim$1 keV threshold for the study of coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. Here we demonstrate the potential of this low-energy neutrino experiment as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model, by usin…
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The CONNIE experiment is located at a distance of 30 m from the core of a commercial nuclear reactor, and has collected a 3.7 kg-day exposure using a CCD detector array sensitive to an $\sim$1 keV threshold for the study of coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. Here we demonstrate the potential of this low-energy neutrino experiment as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model, by using the recently published results to constrain two simplified extensions of the Standard Model with light mediators. We compare the new limits with those obtained for the same models using neutrinos from the Spallation Neutron Source. Our new constraints represent the best limits for these simplified models among the experiments searching for CE$ν$NS for a light vector mediator with mass $M_{Z^{\prime}}<$ 10 MeV, and for a light scalar mediator with mass $M_φ<$ 30 MeV. These results constitute the first use of the CONNIE data as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model.
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Submitted 29 March, 2020; v1 submitted 10 October, 2019;
originally announced October 2019.
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Cosmogenic Neutron Production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
Authors:
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
A. E. Anthony,
N. Barros,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin,
S. D. Biller,
R. Bonventre,
K. Boudjemline,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Cai,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
Y. D. Chan,
D. Chauhan,
M. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
G. A. Cox,
R. Curley,
X. Dai,
H. Deng,
F. B. Descamps,
J. A. Detwiler
, et al. (106 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Neutrons produced in nuclear interactions initiated by cosmic-ray muons present an irreducible background to many rare-event searches, even in detectors located deep underground. Models for the production of these neutrons have been tested against previous experimental data, but the extrapolation to deeper sites is not well understood. Here we report results from an analysis of cosmogenically prod…
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Neutrons produced in nuclear interactions initiated by cosmic-ray muons present an irreducible background to many rare-event searches, even in detectors located deep underground. Models for the production of these neutrons have been tested against previous experimental data, but the extrapolation to deeper sites is not well understood. Here we report results from an analysis of cosmogenically produced neutrons at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. A specific set of observables are presented, which can be used to benchmark the validity of GEANT4 physics models. In addition, the cosmogenic neutron yield, in units of $10^{-4}\;\text{cm}^{2}/\left(\text{g}\cdotμ\right)$, is measured to be $7.28 \pm 0.09\;\text{stat.} ^{+1.59}_{-1.12}\;\text{syst.}$ in pure heavy water and $7.30 \pm 0.07\;\text{stat.} ^{+1.40}_{-1.02}\;\text{syst.}$ in NaCl-loaded heavy water. These results provide unique insights into this potential background source for experiments at SNOLAB.
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Submitted 25 September, 2019;
originally announced September 2019.
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Exploring low-energy neutrino physics with the Coherent Neutrino Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE)
Authors:
Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo,
Xavier Bertou,
Carla Bonifazi,
Gustavo Cancelo,
Alejandro Castañeda,
Brenda Cervantes Vergara,
Claudio Chavez,
Juan C. D'Olivo,
João C. dos Anjos,
Juan Estrada,
Aldo R. Fernandes Neto,
Guillermo Fernandez Moroni,
Ana Foguel,
Richard Ford,
Juan Gonzalez Cuevas,
Pamela Hernández,
Susana Hernandez,
Federico Izraelevitch,
Alexander R. Kavner,
Ben Kilminster,
Kevin Kuk,
H. P. Lima Jr,
Martin Makler,
Jorge Molina,
Philipe Mota
, et al. (8 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) uses low-noise fully depleted charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with the goal of measuring low-energy recoils from coherent elastic scattering (CE$ν$NS) of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei and testing nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI). We report here the first results of the detector array deployed in 2016, considering an act…
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The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) uses low-noise fully depleted charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with the goal of measuring low-energy recoils from coherent elastic scattering (CE$ν$NS) of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei and testing nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI). We report here the first results of the detector array deployed in 2016, considering an active mass 47.6 g (8 CCDs), which is operating at a distance of 30 m from the core of the Angra 2 nuclear reactor, with a thermal power of 3.8 GW. A search for neutrino events is performed by comparing data collected with reactor on (2.1 kg-day) and reactor off (1.6 kg-day). The results show no excess in the reactor-on data, reaching the world record sensitivity down to recoil energies of about 1 keV (0.1 keV electron-equivalent). A 95% confidence level limit for new physics is established at an event rate of 40 times the one expected from the standard model at this energy scale. The results presented here provide a new window to low-energy neutrino physics, allowing one to explore for the first time the energies accessible through the low threshold of CCDs. They will lead to new constrains on NSI from the CE$ν$NS of antineutrinos from nuclear reactors.
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Submitted 10 October, 2019; v1 submitted 5 June, 2019;
originally announced June 2019.
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Electromagnetic Backgrounds and Potassium-42 Activity in the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Detector
Authors:
R. Ajaj,
G. R. Araujo,
M. Batygov,
B. Beltran,
C. E. Bina,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Broerman,
J. F. Bueno,
P. M. Burghardt,
A. Butcher,
M. Cárdenas-Montes,
S. Cavuoti,
M. Chen,
Y. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
K. Dering,
F. A. Duncan,
M. Dunford,
A. Erlandson,
N. Fatemighomi,
G. Fiorillo,
A. Flower,
R. J. Ford,
D. Gallacher,
P. García Abia
, et al. (66 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for WIMP dark matter with a 3.3 tonne single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is keV-scale $^{40}$Ar nuclear recoils (NR) producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by PMTs. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ER) induced by $β$ and…
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The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for WIMP dark matter with a 3.3 tonne single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is keV-scale $^{40}$Ar nuclear recoils (NR) producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by PMTs. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ER) induced by $β$ and $γ$-rays originating from internal and external radioactivity in the detector material. A background model of the ER interactions in DEAP-3600 was developed and is described in this work. The model is based on several components which are expected from radioisotopes in the LAr, from ex-situ material assay measurements, and from dedicated independent in-situ analyses. This prior information is used in a Bayesian fit of the ER components to a 247.2 d dataset to model the radioactivity in the surrounding detector materials. While excellent discrimination between ERs and NRs is reached with pulse shape discrimination, utilizing the large difference between fast and slow components of LAr scintillation light, detailed knowledge of the ER background and activity of detector components, sets valuable constraints on other key types of backgrounds in the detector: neutrons and alphas. In addition, the activity of $^{42}$Ar in LAr in DEAP-3600 is determined by measuring the daughter decay of $^{42}$K. This cosmogenically activated trace isotope is a relevant background at higher energies for other rare event searches using atmospheric argon e.g. DarkSide-20k, GERDA or LEGEND. The specific activity of $^{42}$Ar in the atmosphere is found to be $40.4 \pm 5.9$ $μ$Bq/kg of argon.
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Submitted 14 May, 2019;
originally announced May 2019.
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Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
Authors:
SNO Collaboration,
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
A. E. Anthony,
N. Barros,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin,
S. D. Biller,
R. Bonventre,
K. Boudjemline,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Cai,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
Y. D. Chan,
D. Chauhan,
M. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
G. A. Cox,
X. Dai,
H. Deng,
F. B. Descamps,
J. A. Detwiler
, et al. (107 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Neutron production in GeV-scale neutrino interactions is a poorly studied process. We have measured the neutron multiplicities in atmospheric neutrino interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment and compared them to the prediction of a Monte Carlo simulation using GENIE and a minimally modified version of GEANT4. We analyzed 837 days of exposure corresponding to Phase I, using pure…
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Neutron production in GeV-scale neutrino interactions is a poorly studied process. We have measured the neutron multiplicities in atmospheric neutrino interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment and compared them to the prediction of a Monte Carlo simulation using GENIE and a minimally modified version of GEANT4. We analyzed 837 days of exposure corresponding to Phase I, using pure heavy water, and Phase II, using a mixture of Cl in heavy water. Neutrons produced in atmospheric neutrino interactions were identified with an efficiency of $15.3\%$ and $44.3\%$, for Phase I and II respectively. The neutron production is measured as a function of the visible energy of the neutrino interaction and, for charged current quasi-elastic interaction candidates, also as a function of the neutrino energy. This study is also performed classifying the complete sample into two pairs of event categories: charged current quasi-elastic and non charged current quasi-elastic, and $ν_μ$ and $ν_e$. Results show good overall agreement between data and Monte Carlo for both phases, with some small tension with a statistical significance below $2σ$ for some intermediate energies.
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Submitted 19 June, 2019; v1 submitted 1 April, 2019;
originally announced April 2019.
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Distillation and stripping pilot plants for the JUNO neutrino detector: design, operations and reliability
Authors:
P. Lombardi,
M. Montuschi,
A. Formozov,
A. Brigatti,
S. Parmeggiano,
R. Pompilio,
W. Depnering,
S. Franke,
R. Gaigher,
J. Joutsenvaara,
A. Mengucci,
E. Meroni,
H. Steiger,
F. Mantovani,
G. Ranucci,
G. Andronico,
V. Antonelli,
M. Baldoncini,
M. Bellato,
E. Bernieri,
R. Brugnera,
A. Budano,
M. Buscemi,
S. Bussino,
R. Caruso
, et al. (46 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This paper describes the design, construction principles and operations of the distillation and stripping pilot plants tested at the Daya Bay Neutrino Laboratory, with the perspective to adapt this processes, system cleanliness and leak-tightness to the final full scale plants that will be used for the purification of the liquid scintillator used in the JUNO neutrino detector. The main goal of the…
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This paper describes the design, construction principles and operations of the distillation and stripping pilot plants tested at the Daya Bay Neutrino Laboratory, with the perspective to adapt this processes, system cleanliness and leak-tightness to the final full scale plants that will be used for the purification of the liquid scintillator used in the JUNO neutrino detector. The main goal of these plants is to remove radio impurities from the liquid scintillator while increasing its optical attenuation length. Purification of liquid scintillator will be performed with a system combining alumina oxide, distillation, water extraction and steam (or N2 gas) stripping. Such a combined system will aim at obtaining a total attenuation length greater than 20 m at 430 nm, and a bulk radiopurity for 238U and 232Th in the 10-15 to 10-17 g/g range. The pilot plants commissioning and operation have also provided valuable information on the degree of reliability of their main components, which will be particularly useful for the design of the final full scale purification equipment for the JUNO liquid scintillator. This paper describe two of the five pilot plants since the Alumina Column, Fluor mixing and the Water Extraction plants are in charge of the Chinese part of the collaboration.
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Submitted 14 February, 2019;
originally announced February 2019.
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Search for dark matter with a 231-day exposure of liquid argon using DEAP-3600 at SNOLAB
Authors:
R. Ajaj,
P. -A. Amaudruz,
G. R. Araujo,
M. Baldwin,
M. Batygov,
B. Beltran,
C. E. Bina,
J. Bonatt,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Broerman,
J. F. Bueno,
P. M. Burghardt,
A. Butcher,
B. Cai,
S. Cavuoti,
M. Chen,
Y. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
D. Cranshaw,
K. Dering,
J. DiGioseffo,
L. Doria,
F. A. Duncan,
M. Dunford,
A. Erlandson
, et al. (77 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) direct-detection dark matter experiment, operating 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). The detector consists of 3279 kg of LAr contained in a spherical acrylic vessel. This paper reports on the analysis of a 758 tonne\cdot day exposure taken over a period of 231 live-days during the first year of operation. No candidate signal events are obs…
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DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) direct-detection dark matter experiment, operating 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). The detector consists of 3279 kg of LAr contained in a spherical acrylic vessel. This paper reports on the analysis of a 758 tonne\cdot day exposure taken over a period of 231 live-days during the first year of operation. No candidate signal events are observed in the WIMP-search region of interest, which results in the leading limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section on a LAr target of $3.9\times10^{-45}$ cm$^{2}$ ($1.5\times10^{-44}$ cm$^{2}$) for a 100 GeV/c$^{2}$ (1 TeV/c$^{2}$) WIMP mass at 90\% C. L. In addition to a detailed background model, this analysis demonstrates the best pulse-shape discrimination in LAr at threshold, employs a Bayesian photoelectron-counting technique to improve the energy resolution and discrimination efficiency, and utilizes two position reconstruction algorithms based on PMT charge and photon arrival times.
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Submitted 4 July, 2019; v1 submitted 11 February, 2019;
originally announced February 2019.
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GIGJ: a crustal gravity model of the Guangdong Province for predicting the geoneutrino signal at the JUNO experiment
Authors:
M. Reguzzoni,
L. Rossi,
M. Baldoncini,
I. Callegari,
P. Poli,
D. Sampietro,
V. Strati,
F. Mantovani,
G. Andronico,
V. Antonelli,
M. Bellato,
E. Bernieri,
A. Brigatti,
R. Brugnera,
A. Budano,
M. Buscemi,
S. Bussino,
R. Caruso,
D. Chiesa,
D. Corti,
F. Dal Corso,
X. F. Ding,
S. Dusini,
A. Fabbri,
G. Fiorentini
, et al. (44 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Gravimetric methods are expected to play a decisive role in geophysical modeling of the regional crustal structure applied to geoneutrino studies. GIGJ (GOCE Inversion for Geoneutrinos at JUNO) is a 3D numerical model constituted by ~46 x 10$^{3}$ voxels of 50 x 50 x 0.1 km, built by inverting gravimetric data over the 6° x 4° area centered at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) e…
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Gravimetric methods are expected to play a decisive role in geophysical modeling of the regional crustal structure applied to geoneutrino studies. GIGJ (GOCE Inversion for Geoneutrinos at JUNO) is a 3D numerical model constituted by ~46 x 10$^{3}$ voxels of 50 x 50 x 0.1 km, built by inverting gravimetric data over the 6° x 4° area centered at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, currently under construction in the Guangdong Province (China). The a-priori modeling is based on the adoption of deep seismic sounding profiles, receiver functions, teleseismic P-wave velocity models and Moho depth maps, according to their own accuracy and spatial resolution. The inversion method allowed for integrating GOCE data with the a-priori information and regularization conditions through a Bayesian approach and a stochastic optimization. GIGJ fits the homogeneously distributed GOCE gravity data, characterized by high accuracy, with a ~1 mGal standard deviation of the residuals, compatible with the observation accuracy. Conversely to existing global models, GIGJ provides a site-specific subdivision of the crustal layers masses which uncertainties include estimation errors, associated to the gravimetric solution, and systematic uncertainties, related to the adoption of a fixed sedimentary layer. A consequence of this local rearrangement of the crustal layer thicknesses is a ~21% reduction and a ~24% increase of the middle and lower crust expected geoneutrino signal, respectively. Finally, the geophysical uncertainties of geoneutrino signals at JUNO produced by unitary uranium and thorium abundances distributed in the upper, middle and lower crust are reduced by 77%, 55% and 78%, respectively. The numerical model is available at http://www.fe.infn.it/u/radioactivity/GIGJ
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Submitted 7 January, 2019;
originally announced January 2019.
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Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector
Authors:
SNO+ Collaboration,
:,
M. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
E. Arushanova,
S. Asahi,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
A. R. Back,
Z. Barnard,
N. Barros,
D. Bartlett,
F. Barão,
R. Bayes,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
R. Bonventre,
M. Boulay,
D. Braid,
E. Caden,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
J. Carvalho
, et al. (173 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through 'invisible' modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently de-excite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of…
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This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through 'invisible' modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently de-excite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of $2.5 \times 10^{29}$ y at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and $3.6 \times 10^{29}$ y for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of $1.3\times 10^{28}$ y for $nn$, $2.6\times 10^{28}$ y for $pn$ and $4.7\times 10^{28}$ y for $pp$, an improvement over existing limits by close to three orders of magnitude for the latter two.
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Submitted 13 December, 2018;
originally announced December 2018.
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Measurement of the $^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux in SNO+ with Very Low Backgrounds
Authors:
The SNO+ Collaboration,
:,
M. Anderson,
S. Andringa,
S. Asahi,
M. Askins,
D. J. Auty,
N. Barros,
D. Bartlett,
F. Barão,
R. Bayes,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bialek,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
R. Bonventre,
M. Boulay,
E. Caden,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
D. Chauhan,
M. Chen,
O. Chkvorets,
B. Cleveland,
C. Connors
, et al. (98 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A measurement of the $^8$B solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy re…
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A measurement of the $^8$B solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is $0.25^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$ events/kt-day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is $1.03^{+0.13}_{-0.12}$ events/kt-day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of $2.53^{+0.31}_{-0.28}$(stat.)$^{+0.13}_{-0.10}$(syst.)$\times10^6$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments.
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Submitted 11 January, 2019; v1 submitted 8 December, 2018;
originally announced December 2018.
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Constraints on Neutrino Lifetime from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
Authors:
SNO Collaboration,
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
A. E. Anthony,
N. Barros,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin,
S. D. Biller,
R. Bonventre,
K. Boudjemline,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Cai,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
Y. D. Chan,
D. Chauhan,
M. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
G. A. Cox,
X. Dai,
H. Deng,
F. B. Descamps,
J. A. Detwiler
, et al. (106 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The long baseline between the Earth and the Sun makes solar neutrinos an excellent test beam for exploring possible neutrino decay. The signature of such decay would be an energy-dependent distortion of the traditional survival probability which can be fit for using well-developed and high precision analysis methods. Here a model including neutrino decay is fit to all three phases of $^8$B solar n…
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The long baseline between the Earth and the Sun makes solar neutrinos an excellent test beam for exploring possible neutrino decay. The signature of such decay would be an energy-dependent distortion of the traditional survival probability which can be fit for using well-developed and high precision analysis methods. Here a model including neutrino decay is fit to all three phases of $^8$B solar neutrino data taken by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. This fit constrains the lifetime of neutrino mass state $ν_2$ to be ${>8.08\times10^{-5}}$ s/eV at $90\%$ confidence. An analysis combining this SNO result with those from other solar neutrino experiments results in a combined limit for the lifetime of mass state $ν_2$ of ${>1.04\times10^{-3}}$ s/eV at $99\%$ confidence.
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Submitted 3 December, 2018;
originally announced December 2018.
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Tests of Lorentz invariance at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
Authors:
SNO Collaboration,
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
A. E. Anthony,
N. Barros,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin,
S. D. Biller,
E. Blucher,
R. Bonventre,
K. Boudjemline,
M. G. Boulay,
B. Cai,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca,
Y. D. Chan,
D. Chauhan,
M. Chen,
B. T. Cleveland,
G. A. Cox,
X. Dai,
H. Deng,
F. B. Descamps
, et al. (109 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Experimental tests of Lorentz symmetry in systems of all types are critical for ensuring that the basic assumptions of physics are well-founded. Data from all phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, a kiloton-scale heavy water Cherenkov detector, are analyzed for possible violations of Lorentz symmetry in the neutrino sector. Such violations would appear as one of eight possible signal types i…
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Experimental tests of Lorentz symmetry in systems of all types are critical for ensuring that the basic assumptions of physics are well-founded. Data from all phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, a kiloton-scale heavy water Cherenkov detector, are analyzed for possible violations of Lorentz symmetry in the neutrino sector. Such violations would appear as one of eight possible signal types in the detector: six seasonal variations in the solar electron neutrino survival probability differing in energy and time dependence, and two shape changes to the oscillated solar neutrino energy spectrum. No evidence for such signals is observed, and limits on the size of such effects are established in the framework of the Standard Model Extension, including 40 limits on perviously unconstrained operators and improved limits on 15 additional operators. This makes limits on all minimal, Dirac-type Lorentz violating operators in the neutrino sector available for the first time.
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Submitted 3 January, 2019; v1 submitted 31 October, 2018;
originally announced November 2018.
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LFRic: Meeting the challenges of scalability and performance portability in Weather and Climate models
Authors:
S. V. Adams,
R. W. Ford,
M. Hambley,
J. M. Hobson,
I. Kavcic,
C. M. Maynard,
T. Melvin,
E. H Mueller,
S. Mullerworth,
A. R. Porter,
M. Rezny,
B. J. Shipway,
R. Wong
Abstract:
This paper describes LFRic: the new weather and climate modelling system being developed by the UK Met Office to replace the existing Unified Model in preparation for exascale computing in the 2020s. LFRic uses the GungHo dynamical core and runs on a semi-structured cubed-sphere mesh. The design of the supporting infrastructure follows object orientated principles to facilitate modularity and the…
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This paper describes LFRic: the new weather and climate modelling system being developed by the UK Met Office to replace the existing Unified Model in preparation for exascale computing in the 2020s. LFRic uses the GungHo dynamical core and runs on a semi-structured cubed-sphere mesh. The design of the supporting infrastructure follows object orientated principles to facilitate modularity and the use of external libraries where possible. In particular, a `separation of concerns' between the science code and parallel code is imposed to promote performance portability. An application called PSyclone, developed at the STFC Hartree centre, can generate the parallel code enabling deployment of a single source science code onto different machine architectures. This paper provides an overview of the scientific requirement, the design of the software infrastructure, and examples of PSyclone usage. Preliminary performance results show strong scaling and an indication that hybrid MPI/OpenMP performs better than pure MPI.
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Submitted 12 July, 2019; v1 submitted 19 September, 2018;
originally announced September 2018.
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Delayed Stellar Mass Assembly in the Low Surface Brightness Dwarf Galaxy KDG215
Authors:
John M. Cannon,
Zili Shen,
Kristen B. W. McQuinn,
Joshua Bartz,
Lilly Bralts-Kelly,
Alyssa M. Bulatek,
Sarah Chinski,
Robert N. Ford,
Alex J. R. Gordon,
Greta Helmel,
Sam Hollenbach,
Riley A. McGlasson,
Andrew Mizener,
Tylyn Page,
William Retza,
Moritz Rusch,
Sarah Taft,
Andrew E. Dolphin,
Igor Karachentsev,
John J. Salzer
Abstract:
We present HI spectral line and optical broadband images of the nearby low surface brightness dwarf galaxy KDG215. The HI images, acquired with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), reveal a dispersion dominated ISM with only weak signatures of coherent rotation. The HI gas reaches a peak mass surface density of 6 M$_{\odot}$ pc$^{-2}$ at the location of the peak surface brightness in the opt…
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We present HI spectral line and optical broadband images of the nearby low surface brightness dwarf galaxy KDG215. The HI images, acquired with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), reveal a dispersion dominated ISM with only weak signatures of coherent rotation. The HI gas reaches a peak mass surface density of 6 M$_{\odot}$ pc$^{-2}$ at the location of the peak surface brightness in the optical and the UV. Although KDG215 is gas-rich, the H$α$ non-detection implies a very low current massive star formation rate. In order to investigate the recent evolution of this system, we have derived the recent and lifetime star formation histories from archival Hubble Space Telescope images. The recent star formation history shows a peak star formation rate $\sim$1 Gyr ago, followed by a decreasing star formation rate to the present day quiescent state. The cumulative star formation history indicates that a significant fraction of the stellar mass assembly in KDG215 has occurred within the last 1.25 Gyr. KDG215 is one of only a few known galaxies which demonstrates such a delayed star formation history. While the ancient stellar population (predominantly red giants) is prominent, the look-back time by which 50% of the mass of all stars ever formed had been created is among the youngest of any known galaxy.
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Submitted 21 August, 2018;
originally announced August 2018.